Exercicis de connectors i cohesió — Anglès 1r Batxillerat
Un text ben cohesionat es llegeix sol, i aquests exercicis t'ensenyen les eines per aconseguir-ho. Completes frases amb linking words de contrast, causa i conseqüència, com despite o although, i reescrius paràgrafs afegint-hi discourse markers. També evites repeticions amb la referència i la substitució, fent servir one i ones. A la part de listening aprens què has de fer abans de començar l'àudio i com els connectors t'ajuden a anticipar què vindrà. Les solucions expliquen l'estructura de cada connector. Errors típics: fer servir despite amb una oració completa, com a «Despite it was raining», i començar un paràgraf amb un exemple en lloc de la idea principal.
Nivell bàsic
Exercici 1
Which option correctly completes the sentence: 'Despite ___ tired, she finished the marathon.' (a) although (b) being (c) it was?
Mostra la solució
(b) being. 'Despite' is a preposition and must be followed by a noun or a gerund (being tired), never by a full clause with a conjugated verb like 'although' or 'it was' would need.
Exercici 2
What are the three parts of a well-structured paragraph, in order?
Mostra la solució
The topic sentence (announces the main idea), the supporting sentences (develop it with explanations and examples), and the concluding or linking sentence (closes the paragraph or connects to the next one).
Exercici 3
Què has de fer abans de començar l'àudio d'un Listening?
Mostra la solució
Llegir les preguntes i les opcions, subratllar-ne les paraules clau i predir quin tipus d'informació sentiràs (números, llocs, opinions).
Exercici 4
Classifica cada connector segons la seva funció (addició, contrast, exemple, resultat): Moreover, However, For instance, As a result.
Mostra la solució
Moreover → addició (afegeix una idea);
However → contrast (introdueix una idea oposada);
For instance → exemple;
As a result → resultat (conseqüència).
Exercici 5
Tria because o because of: (a) We stayed at home ___ the rain. (b) We stayed at home ___ it was raining.
Mostra la solució
(a) because of: va seguit d'un nom (the rain).
(b) because: va seguit d'una oració completa amb subjecte i verb (it was raining).
Exercici 6
Completa amb but o however: (a) I like pizza, ___ I can't eat it every day. (b) I like pizza. ___, I can't eat it every day.
Mostra la solució
(a) but: uneix dues oracions dins d'una sola frase, amb coma davant.
(b) However: comença una frase nova i va seguit de coma.
Error típic: escriure however entre dues oracions amb només una coma.
Exercici 7
Ordena aquests marcadors de seqüència segons el seu ús en un text que explica un procés: Finally, Then, First of all, After that.
Mostra la solució
Ordre: First of all → Then → After that → Finally.
Serveixen per marcar la successió dels passos, i tots (excepte then, de vegades) van seguits de coma quan obren la frase.
Exercici 8
Reescriu les dues frases usant pronoms per no repetir noms: «Maria bought a book. Maria read the book in one day.»
Mostra la solució
«Maria bought a book. She read it in one day.»
She substitueix Maria (subjecte) i it substitueix the book (complement).
Els pronoms són un recurs de cohesió: eviten la repetició i enllacen les frases.
Exercici 9
Completa amb such as o for example: «I like many sports, ___ football and tennis.»
Mostra la solució
«I like many sports, such as football and tennis.»
Such as s'integra dins de la frase i va seguit directament dels exemples. For example també es pot usar, però aleshores va entre comes o després de punt: «I like many sports. For example, football and tennis.»
Exercici 10
Completa amb although o because: (a) ___ it was cold, we went swimming. (b) We went home early ___ we were tired.
Mostra la solució
(a) Although: expressa concessió (fred, però vam nedar).
(b) because: expressa causa (érem cansats, per això vam marxar).
Nivell intermedi
Exercici 11
Completa amb un marker de conclusió: '___, I believe that recycling should be compulsory.'
Mostra la solució
'To sum up, I believe that recycling should be compulsory' (també 'In conclusion', 'All in all'). Marker de tancament a principi de frase amb coma.
Exercici 12
Substitueix el nom repetit per one/ones: 'These shoes are too small. Do you have bigger shoes?'
Mostra la solució
'These shoes are too small. Do you have bigger ones?' 'Ones' substitueix el plural 'shoes' per no repetir-lo.
Exercici 13
Rewrite this sentence to avoid repetition, using 'one': 'I don't like this jacket. I prefer that jacket.'
Mostra la solució
I don't like this jacket. I prefer that one. ('one' substitutes the noun 'jacket' to avoid repeating it.)
Exercici 14
Escoltes: «We wanted to go to the beach, but it started raining, so we stayed at home and watched a film.» Què van fer al final?
Mostra la solució
Es van quedar a casa i van mirar una pel·lícula. El but anuncia que el pla de la platja no es va fer, i el so introdueix el que van fer en conseqüència.
Exercici 15
Uneix les dues frases en una de sola amb whereas o while: «Anna loves sport. Her brother prefers reading.»
Mostra la solució
«Anna loves sport, whereas her brother prefers reading.»
També és correcte «While Anna loves sport, her brother prefers reading».
Whereas i while (amb sentit contrastiu) uneixen dues idees oposades dins d'una mateixa frase.
Exercici 16
Reescriu la frase amb in spite of sense canviar-ne el sentit: «Although he was ill, he went to school.»
Mostra la solució
«In spite of being ill, he went to school.» (o «In spite of his illness, he went to school.»)
In spite of va seguit de nom o gerundi, no d'una oració amb subjecte i verb conjugat.
Exercici 17
Uneix les dues frases amb in order to o so that: «I'm saving money. I want to buy a bike.»
Mostra la solució
«I'm saving money in order to buy a bike.»
O bé: «I'm saving money so that I can buy a bike.»
In order to va seguit d'infinitiu; so that va seguit d'una oració (sovint amb can).
Exercici 18
Digues a què es refereix cada mot en cursiva: «Marta and Joan visited a new exhibition. It was crowded, but they enjoyed it. The latter bought a catalogue.»
Mostra la solució
El primer it = l'exhibition (la mostra);
they = Marta and Joan;
el segon it = l'exhibition;
the latter = Joan (l'últim dels dos esmentats).
Aquests referents donen cohesió al text sense repetir els noms.
Exercici 19
Completa el text amb however, moreover o therefore (un cop cada un):
Cycling is healthy. (1) ___, it is cheap and does not pollute. (2) ___, some people think the roads are unsafe. (3) ___, cities should build more bike lanes.
Mostra la solució
(1) Moreover (afegeix un altre avantatge);
(2) However (introdueix una objecció);
(3) Therefore (conseqüència lògica).
Exercici 20
Afegeix la puntuació correcta i les majúscules: (a) «however she decided to stay». (b) «she was tired however she kept working».
Mostra la solució
(a) «However, she decided to stay.» (comença la frase, majúscula i coma darrere).
(b) «She was tired; however, she kept working.» (punt i coma abans i coma després).
Error típic: posar només una coma abans de however entre dues oracions.
Exercici 21
Corregeix l'error: (a) «Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.» (b) «Although she was tired, but she kept working.»
Mostra la solució
(a) «Because it was raining, we stayed at home.» o «It was raining, so we stayed at home.»
(b) «Although she was tired, she kept working.» o «She was tired, but she kept working.»
En anglès no es poden usar dos connectors de la mateixa funció a la mateixa frase (because + so; although + but), a diferència del català col·loquial.
Nivell avançat
Exercici 22
Corregeix: 'Although the bad weather, we enjoyed the trip.'
Mostra la solució
'Despite the bad weather, we enjoyed the trip' (o 'Although the weather was bad, ...'). 'Although' demana una oració; davant d'un nom sol cal 'despite/in spite of'.
Exercici 23
Reescriu el paràgraf afegint-hi tres discourse markers adequats: 'Social media helps people stay in touch. It can be addictive. Users should set time limits.'
Mostra la solució
'On the one hand, social media helps people stay in touch. On the other hand, it can be addictive. Therefore, users should set time limits.'
'On the one hand / On the other hand' presenten els dos costats, i 'Therefore' introdueix la conclusió.
Exercici 24
Escriu un paràgraf ben cohesionat (55-70 paraules) sobre els avantatges de llegir per plaer, amb una topic sentence, dues idees de suport amb connectors i una frase final.
Mostra la solució
Paràgraf model (58 paraules):
Reading for pleasure has clear benefits for teenagers. First of all, it widens their vocabulary without any effort, because they meet new words in context. In addition, it improves their concentration, which is increasingly rare in a world of constant notifications. As a result, students who read regularly tend to write better and follow complex arguments more easily.
Topic sentence: la primera frase. Suport: 'First of all...' i 'In addition...'. Frase final: 'As a result...'. Els connectors marquen l'ordre i la relació entre les idees.
Exercici 25
Ordena aquestes cinc frases per formar un paràgraf coherent i subratlla'n els connectors:
A. As a result, many students now study online from home.
B. Firstly, the internet has made information easy to find.
C. In conclusion, technology has changed education for good.
D. Secondly, video calls allow teachers to reach students far away.
E. Technology has transformed the way we learn.
Mostra la solució
Ordre correcte: E – B – D – A – C.
E és la frase temàtica; B i D desenvolupen dues idees (marcades per Firstly i Secondly); A mostra la conseqüència (As a result); C tanca el paràgraf (In conclusion).
Connectors: Firstly, Secondly, As a result, In conclusion.
Exercici 26
Uneix les parelles de frases amb les estructures indicades:
a) not only ... but also: «He is talented. He is hardworking.»
b) neither ... nor: «She didn't call. She didn't write.»
Mostra la solució
a) «Not only is he talented, but he is also hardworking.» (amb not only al principi cal inversió: is he).
b) «She neither called nor wrote.»
Ambdues estructures ressalten la suma o la negació de dues idees i donen més cohesió que dues frases independents.
Exercici 27
Expressa la mateixa idea de tres maneres, usant en cada cas la paraula indicada: «The film was long. We enjoyed it.» (a) although; (b) despite; (c) however.
Mostra la solució
a) «Although the film was long, we enjoyed it.»
b) «Despite being long, we enjoyed the film.» (o «Despite the length of the film, we enjoyed it.»)
c) «The film was long. However, we enjoyed it.»
Although porta una oració; despite, un nom o gerundi; however comença una frase nova.
Exercici 28
Passa el text a un registre formal canviant els connectors informals: «We were late because of the traffic, but we still got seats. Also, the show was great, so we want to go again.»
Mostra la solució
Model: «We were late owing to the traffic; nevertheless, we still managed to find seats. Furthermore, the show was excellent; consequently, we would like to go again.»
Equivalències: but → nevertheless, also → furthermore, so → consequently. També s'ha evitat el lèxic col·loquial (great → excellent).
Exercici 29
Escriu un paràgraf d'opinió (60–80 paraules) sobre si els uniformes escolars són una bona idea. Hi has d'usar almenys sis connectors de funcions diferents (addició, contrast, causa, conseqüència, exemple i conclusió).
Mostra la solució
Model: «School uniforms are a good idea. Firstly, they reduce differences between students because everybody dresses the same way. Moreover, families save money as they do not have to buy fashionable clothes. For example, a pair of trousers can last a whole year. However, some students feel they cannot express themselves; therefore, schools should allow small personal details. To sum up, uniforms bring more advantages than disadvantages.»
Comprova que hi ha una frase temàtica, connectors variats i una conclusió.
Exercici 30
Explica la funció dels marcadors del discurs oral en cursiva dins d'aquest fragment:
«Well, first of all, thanks for coming. Anyway, as I was saying, the project is on time. By the way, has anyone seen Sam?»
Mostra la solució
First of all → obre la intervenció i ordena la seqüència;
Anyway → torna al tema principal després d'una digressió;
As I was saying → recupera una idea que s'havia deixat;
By the way → introdueix un tema nou, sense relació amb l'anterior.
A més, well és un marcador de començament que dona temps per pensar.
Exercici 31
Tria l'opció correcta per a cada buit.
a) ___ his lack of experience, he got the job. (Despite / Although / However)
b) She was ill. ___, she went to work. (Nevertheless / Although / Because)
c) The match was cancelled ___ the heavy snow. (because / due to / so that)
d) We left early ___ avoid the traffic. (so as to / so that to / in order that)
e) He works very hard; ___, he rarely gets promoted. (even so / therefore / as a result)
Mostra la solució
a) Despite: va seguit d'un nom ('his lack of experience'); 'although' demana una oració i 'however' va a començament de frase nova.
b) Nevertheless: connector de contrast entre dues frases, seguit de coma.
c) due to: la causa és un sintagma nominal ('the heavy snow'); 'because' demanaria una oració.
d) so as to: finalitat amb infinitiu (també 'in order to').
e) even so: contrast amb la frase anterior; 'therefore' i 'as a result' expressen conseqüència.
Exercici 32
Reescriu cada frase fent servir el connector indicat sense canviar-ne el sentit.
a) Although the tickets were expensive, we bought them. (IN SPITE OF)
b) She studied hard so that she could get a scholarship. (IN ORDER TO)
c) He didn't call because he was busy. (DUE TO)
d) It was raining. We went out. (NEVERTHELESS)
Mostra la solució
a) In spite of the tickets being expensive, we bought them (també 'In spite of the high price of the tickets').
b) She studied hard in order to get a scholarship (infinitiu, sense subjecte nou).
c) He didn't call due to being busy (també 'due to his heavy workload').
d) It was raining; nevertheless, we went out (també 'It was raining. Nevertheless, we went out.').
Error típic: escriure 'in spite of he was tired', perquè 'in spite of' no va seguit d'una oració.
Exercici 33
Llegeix el text i indica a què es refereix cada element en cursiva.
Researchers tested two methods of teaching vocabulary. The former was cheaper, but the latter produced better results. This led them to recommend it to schools, although some teachers were sceptical about such claims. Parents were also informed, and they welcomed the news.
Mostra la solució
'The former' = el primer mètode mencionat (el més barat).
'The latter' = el segon mètode mencionat.
'This' = el fet que el segon mètode donés millors resultats.
'Such' = afirmacions d'aquest tipus (que el segon mètode és millor).
'They' = els pares (el subjecte més proper, 'Parents').
Clau: els referents estan sempre abans del pronom i han de concordar en nombre i sentit.
Exercici 34
Ordena aquestes sis frases (A–F) perquè formin un paràgraf coherent i explica quins connectors o referents t'han ajudat.
A. Faced with these preferences, many firms are now reconsidering their need for large offices.
B. Remote working has become increasingly common over the last decade.
C. Employees, in particular, say that they value the time they save by not commuting.
D. This trend has been driven by advances in technology and by changing expectations.
E. However, not everyone is convinced; some managers fear that teamwork will suffer.
F. Overall, the future seems likely to combine home and office rather than replace one with the other.
Mostra la solució
Ordre correcte: B – D – C – A – E – F.
B presenta el tema; D l'amplia amb 'This trend' (referent a B); C concreta 'changing expectations' ('in particular'); A recull 'these preferences' (les de C); E introdueix el contrast amb 'However'; F tanca amb 'Overall'.
Claus: referents (this, these) i marcadors (However, Overall) fixen l'ordre.
Exercici 35
En aquest paràgraf cada connector subratllat conté un error. Corregeix-los.
Social media has changed how we communicate. (1) Besides of that, it has created new jobs. (2) In the contrary, it has also caused problems such as addiction. (3) Because of people spend hours online, they sleep less. (4) In spite of they are aware of the risks, many teenagers ignore them. (5) At last, I think we should use it wisely.
Mostra la solució
(1) Besides that (o 'In addition'): 'besides' no porta 'of'.
(2) On the other hand (o 'However'): el contrast entre avantatges i inconvenients no és 'On the contrary', que s'usa per negar l'afirmació anterior.
(3) Because: va seguit d'una oració ('people spend hours online'); 'because of' demana un nom.
(4) Although (o 'In spite of being aware'): 'in spite of' no es pot combinar amb una oració amb subjecte i verb.
(5) In conclusion (o 'To sum up'): 'at last' vol dir 'per fi', no 'finalment' com a tancament.
Exercici 36
Tria l'expressió correcta per a cada buit.
a) ___ of the course there will be a written exam. (At the end / In the end)
b) We argued for hours. ___, we decided to stay at home. (At the end / In the end)
c) ___, I didn't like the city, but later I loved it. (At first / First)
d) She wanted to quit, but ___ she stayed. (in the end / at the end)
e) Nobody came; ___, it was raining. (beside / besides)
Mostra la solució
a) At the end: moment concret en què acaba alguna cosa ('of the course').
b) In the end: finalment, després d'un procés.
c) At first: al principi, en contrast amb 'later'.
d) in the end: finalment, després de dubtar; 'at the end' necessita 'of' + complement.
e) besides: a més (a més d'això, fins i tot); 'beside' vol dir 'al costat de'.
Exercici 37
Uneix cada parella de frases en una de sola amb el connector indicat, sense repetir informació.
a) You can borrow my car. You must drive carefully. (PROVIDED THAT)
b) We will go for a walk. It doesn't rain. (UNLESS)
c) My brother is outgoing. I am rather shy. (WHEREAS)
d) He left home. He realised he had forgotten his keys. (AS SOON AS)
Mostra la solució
a) You can borrow my car provided that you drive carefully.
b) We will go for a walk unless it rains (unless ja porta sentit negatiu: no s'hi afegeix 'not').
c) My brother is outgoing, whereas I am rather shy.
d) As soon as he left home, he realised he had forgotten his keys.
Error típic: 'unless it doesn't rain', que anul·la el sentit negatiu.
Exercici 38
Evita la repetició substituint la part en cursiva per una estructura més breu (so, not, one, do so).
a) 'Will it rain tomorrow?' 'I think it will rain tomorrow.'
b) 'Is he coming?' 'I hope he isn't coming.'
c) You can have the red scarf or the blue scarf.
d) If you want to leave early, you can leave early.
Mostra la solució
a) I think so.
b) I hope not.
c) the blue one.
d) you can do so (també 'you can' en un registre més col·loquial).
Aquestes substitucions són una forma d'elipsi i mantenen la cohesió sense repetir paraules.
Preparat per a la universitat
Els exercicis més exigents: nivell PAU alt i primer curs de grau. Veure totes les matèries
Exercici 39
Completa cada buit amb una sola paraula (connectors i paraules de cohesió).
Cities around the world are investing in parks and gardens, (1) ___ only to improve their appearance (2) ___ also to protect public health. (3) ___ the initial cost can be considerable, studies show that green areas pay for themselves in the long run. Residents who live close to a park tend to exercise more; (4) ___ a result, they report lower levels of stress. Critics, (5) ___, argue that the money would be better spent on public transport. (6) ___ is often forgotten is that the two goals are not incompatible. Cities can, (7) ___ example, build cycle lanes through parks. In short, (8) ___ their cost, green spaces are worth every euro.
Mostra la solució
(1) not and (2) but: estructura 'not only ... but also'.
(3) Although (també 'While' o 'Whilst'): concessiva.
(4) As: 'as a result' = com a conseqüència.
(5) however (també 'though'): contrast, intercalat entre comes.
(6) What: oració de relatiu sense antecedent ('what is often forgotten').
(7) for: 'for example'.
(8) despite (també 'notwithstanding'): va seguit del sintagma nominal 'their cost'.
Claus: cada resposta ha de ser una sola paraula i encaixar gramaticalment.
Exercici 40
Completa la segona frase perquè tingui el mateix sentit que la primera, fent servir la paraula donada sense canviar-la.
a) In spite of the rain, the festival was a huge success. (ALTHOUGH) → ___ rained, the festival was a huge success.
b) I'll lend you the money on condition that you pay it back soon. (PROVIDED) → I'll lend you the money ___ pay it back soon.
c) Although he was exhausted, he kept running. (AS) → Exhausted ___, he kept running.
d) We didn't go out because it was raining. (ACCOUNT) → We didn't go out ___ rain.
e) If you hadn't helped, we would have failed. (BUT) → ___ your help, we would have failed.
f) It doesn't matter how hard you try, you won't convince her. (MATTER) → ___ hard you try, you won't convince her.
Mostra la solució
a) Although it (també 'Although it was raining' si es manté la frase).
b) provided (that) you.
c) as he was: estructura concessiva 'adjectiu + as + subjecte + verb'.
d) on account of the.
e) But for: 'but for + nom' = si no hagués estat per.
f) No matter how.
Claus: reconèixer l'estructura exigida per la paraula clau i no canviar-la.
Exercici 41
Llegeix el text i respon.
Many universities now offer courses online. (1) Consequently, students no longer need to live near the campus. (2) Admittedly, this flexibility has clear advantages: (3) for instance, working students can follow lessons at night. (4) Even so, online learning is not for everyone, (5) since it demands a great deal of self-discipline. (6) Furthermore, it can leave students feeling isolated. (7) Taken together, these drawbacks explain why some institutions are returning to classrooms.
a) Indica la funció de cada marcador (1–7): addició / concessió / contrast / causa / conseqüència / exemple / resum.
b) A què es refereixen 'this flexibility' i 'these drawbacks'?
Mostra la solució
a) (1) conseqüència; (2) concessió (reconeix un punt a favor); (3) exemple; (4) contrast ('even so' = tot i això); (5) causa; (6) addició; (7) resum.
b) 'This flexibility' = el fet de poder estudiar sense viure prop del campus; 'these drawbacks' = l'exigència d'autodisciplina i el risc d'aïllament.
Claus: distingir 'admittedly' (concessió) de 'even so' (contrast) i no confondre 'since' causal amb 'since' temporal.
Exercici 42
Combina aquestes frases curtes en un paràgraf coherent d'entre 60 i 90 paraules. Fes servir almenys cinc connectors de funcions diferents (contrast, causa, conseqüència, condició, temps...).
Some cities ban cars from the centre. Air quality improves. Shops lose customers at first. Customers come back later. Public transport becomes busier. Tickets may become more expensive.
Mostra la solució
Model de resposta:
When cars are banned from city centres, air quality improves considerably. At first, however, shops often lose customers because people are used to driving to them. Nevertheless, shoppers usually return in the long run and, as a result, public transport becomes busier. Although this puts pressure on the network, the authorities can respond by adding services, provided that tickets do not become too expensive.
Claus de correcció: (1) inclou totes les idees del text; (2) fa servir almenys cinc connectors ben col·locats (when, however, because, nevertheless, as a result, although, provided that); (3) no repeteix paraules ni frases curtes.
Exercici 43
Una de les frases és correcta. Les altres cinc contenen un error en un connector o en l'estructura que el segueix. Troba'ls i corregeix-los.
a) Despite he was tired, he finished the report.
b) The company lost money. Otherwise, it decided to expand.
c) Whereas the heavy rain, the match went ahead.
d) She is rather shy; in the other hand, her sister is very outgoing.
e) He took a taxi in order not to being late.
f) Not only did she win the race, but she also broke the national record.
Mostra la solució
a) Despite being tired (o 'Although he was tired'): 'despite' no va amb oració.
b) Nevertheless (o 'However', 'Even so'): 'otherwise' vol dir 'altrament, si no'.
c) Despite (o 'In spite of'): 'whereas' és contrast entre dues oracions, no concessió.
d) on the other hand: la preposició és 'on'.
e) in order not to be late: infinitiu sense 'to' addicional.
f) Correcta: inversió després de 'Not only'.
Exercici 44
Reescriu cada frase començant amb l'expressió indicada i fent la inversió necessària.
a) As soon as she sat down, the phone rang. (Hardly ...)
b) He forgot the tickets and he also lost the passports. (Not only ...)
c) You must not open this door in any circumstances. (Under no circumstances ...)
d) I only understood the problem after I read the instructions again. (Only after ...)
e) As soon as the match began, it started to rain. (No sooner ...)
Mostra la solució
a) Hardly had she sat down when the phone rang.
b) Not only did he forget the tickets, but he also lost the passports.
c) Under no circumstances must you open this door.
d) Only after I had read the instructions again did I understand the problem (també 'Only after reading ...').
e) No sooner had the match begun than it started to rain.
Clau: l'auxiliar es posa abans del subjecte; amb 'hardly' el segon connector és 'when' i amb 'no sooner', 'than'.
Exercici 45
Resumeix amb les teves paraules, en 40–60 paraules, aquest text. Fes servir almenys tres connectors diferents.
Several European companies have recently tested a four-day working week with no reduction in pay. In one trial, productivity remained stable, and employees reported lower stress levels and better sleep. Managers, however, were divided. Some welcomed the change because absences fell, while others worried that customers would receive slower service on the fifth day. Unions generally support the idea, arguing that technology should benefit workers as well as shareholders. Economists point out that the results may not apply to sectors such as healthcare, where staff cannot simply compress their hours.
Mostra la solució
Model de resposta (uns 55 mots):
Trials of a four-day week without pay cuts have shown stable productivity and healthier, less stressed workers. Although managers disagreed, since fewer absences pleased some while others feared slower customer service, unions backed the idea. Nevertheless, economists warn that sectors like healthcare cannot easily compress hours, so the findings may not be universal.
Claus de correcció: (1) inclou resultats, opinions de directius, sindicats i economistes; (2) fa servir paràfrasi i no copia frases; (3) connectors ben usats (although, since, nevertheless, so).
Exercici 46
Escriu un essay d'entre 150 i 220 paraules sobre aquesta afirmació: 'University education should be free for everyone.' Defensa una posició clara, reconeix l'argument contrari i fes servir almenys vuit connectors diferents.
Mostra la solució
Model de resposta (uns 165 mots):
Few issues divide public opinion as sharply as the cost of higher education. Although I recognise the arguments against free tuition, I firmly believe that universities should not charge students for their studies.
To begin with, free education promotes equal opportunities. Talented students from low-income families would no longer be forced to give up their ambitions simply because they cannot afford the fees. Furthermore, society as a whole benefits from a better-qualified workforce, which, in turn, boosts economic growth and tax revenue.
Critics, however, argue that taxpayers should not finance the studies of those who will later earn high salaries. While this is a fair point, it can be addressed through a fairer tax system rather than by charging individual students. Moreover, if degrees were free, applicants might choose subjects out of genuine interest instead of fear of debt.
In conclusion, despite the financial challenge, free university education is an investment in the future. For this reason, governments should make it a priority.
Claus de correcció: (1) tesi clara; (2) contraargument reconegut i rebatut; (3) vuit o més connectors variats i ben puntuats.
Exercici 47
Aquest text repeteix massa paraules. Reescriu-lo en una o dues frases fent servir pronoms, relatius i sinònims o paraules més generals (almenys quatre canvis) sense perdre informació.
The museum opened in 2019. The museum attracts many visitors. The visitors can see paintings and sculptures. The paintings and sculptures were donated by local artists. The local artists wanted the paintings and sculptures to stay in the town.
Mostra la solució
Model de resposta:
The museum, which opened in 2019, attracts many visitors, who can see paintings and sculptures donated by local artists. These artists wanted their works to stay in the town.
Canvis: relatiu 'which' per evitar repetir 'the museum'; relatiu 'who' per als visitants; participi 'donated' en lloc d'una nova oració; determinant 'these' i paraula general 'works' per no repetir 'paintings and sculptures'.
Qualsevol versió amb quatre estratègies diferents és acceptable.
Exercici 48
Afegeix la puntuació i les majúscules que falten a cada frase.
a) the experiment was a failure however the team learned a great deal
b) prices are likely to rise therefore we should buy now
c) although she trained hard she lost the final
d) the first option is cheaper the second however is more reliable
Mostra la solució
a) The experiment was a failure; however, the team learned a great deal. (També 'failure. However, the team ...').
b) Prices are likely to rise; therefore, we should buy now. (També punt i seguit.)
c) Although she trained hard, she lost the final. (La subordinada inicial porta coma.)
d) The first option is cheaper; the second, however, is more reliable.
Clau: 'however' i 'therefore' entre dues oracions porten punt i coma o punt abans i coma després; intercalats, van entre comes.
Exercici 49
Substitueix l'expressió informal en cursiva per un connector formal de la llista (cada un s'usa una vegada): consequently, furthermore, in summary, nevertheless, whereas.
a) Loads of people moved to the city. On top of that, house prices went up.
b) It was a risky plan. All the same, we went ahead.
c) The roads were icy, so the buses stopped.
d) In a nutshell, the project failed.
e) Mum likes jazz, but Dad prefers rock.
Mostra la solució
a) Furthermore (addició formal).
b) Nevertheless (contrast).
c) consequently (conseqüència): 'The roads were icy; consequently, the buses stopped.'
d) In summary (resum).
e) whereas (contrast entre dos subjectes): 'Mum likes jazz, whereas Dad prefers rock.'
Clau: en registre formal es prefereixen connectors llatinitzats i es puntuen amb coma.
Exercici 50
Tria l'opció correcta (A–D) per a cada buit.
1. The results were disappointing; ___, the team decided to continue. A. otherwise B. nevertheless C. therefore D. besides
2. ___ the weather improves, the match will be played indoors. A. Unless B. Provided C. Whereas D. Besides
3. She took a map ___ she got lost. A. in case B. unless C. so that D. although
4. He has an excellent CV. ___, he lacks people skills. A. Hence B. Likewise C. Nonetheless D. Namely
5. The trial was postponed ___ the illness of a witness. A. owing to B. because C. so that D. as
6. ___ he was offered a promotion, he turned it down. A. Despite B. Even though C. However D. In spite
Mostra la solució
1. B (nevertheless: contrast).
2. A (unless: 'si no millora el temps').
3. A (in case: precaució, 'per si de cas').
4. C (nonetheless: contrast; 'hence' és conseqüència i 'likewise', similitud).
5. A (owing to + nom).
6. B (even though + oració; 'despite' demana nom i 'however' no va dins la frase).
Estratègia: mira primer si el que segueix és un nom, una oració o una frase nova.
T'encalles amb aquest tema?
A L'Acadèmia de Vic t'ajudem amb classes individuals. Escriu-nos per WhatsApp.
Escriu-nos per WhatsApp (604 95 79 95)Més informació: Reforç de Batxillerat a Vic · Classes particulars
Preguntes freqüents
Com es fa servir despite?
Amb un nom o un gerundi: «Despite the rain» o «Despite being tired». Si vols posar una oració sencera, cal although o «despite the fact that».
Què has de fer abans d'escoltar un listening?
Llegir bé les preguntes, subratllar les paraules clau i anticipar quin tipus d'informació has de buscar (un nom, un número, una opinió).