Exercicis de repàs del sistema verbal — Anglès 1r Batxillerat

'My brother usually goes to the gym, but this week he is studying for his exams.' 'Usually' marca rutina (present simple, tercera persona amb -s: goes); 'this week' amb èmfasi en el període actual demana present continuous (is studying).

'They bought a new car last month.' 'Last month' és un moment passat concret i acabat; 'buy' és irregular (buy→bought).

is going to rain: there is visible evidence right now (the clouds) that supports the prediction, which is exactly when 'going to' is used rather than 'will'.

plays: és una acció habitual (every Saturday) i el subjecte és la tercera persona del singular.
Recorda afegir la -s: My sister plays the violin every Saturday morning.

saw: 'last weekend' és un moment acabat del passat, per tant cal el past simple, i see és irregular (see - saw - seen).
We saw a great concert last weekend.

We didn't go to school yesterday.
En negatiu del past simple fem servir didn't + verb en forma base: didn't go, no didn't went.

are building: 'Look!' indica que l'acció passa ara mateix.
Estructura: am/is/are + verb + -ing.

Has she finished the report?
En el present perfect, per fer la pregunta invertim l'auxiliar i el subjecte: has + she + participi. No cal afegir do/does.

since 2018 / for six years.
Since + moment concret d'inici (2018); for + durada (six years).

I'll answer it! (I will answer).
Amb will expressem una decisió presa en el moment de parlar, sense haver-la planificat abans.

'When the teacher came in, the students were talking loudly.' Entrar és l'acció curta i puntual (past simple: came); parlar era l'acció de fons ja en curs (past continuous: were talking).

'I finished my homework yesterday.' 'Yesterday' és un temps acabat i no és compatible amb el present perfect; cal past simple (finished).

have visited (present perfect): it's an experience without saying exactly when. visited (past simple): 'in 2019' is a closed, specific time marker, so it requires the past simple.

'we're seeing' (o 'we're going to see'): és un pla ja organitzat, amb les entrades comprades. 'will' no encaixa perquè no és una decisió del moment.

Have you been crying?
Fem servir el present perfect continu perquè hi ha un resultat visible ara (els ulls vermells) d'una acció que ha estat en curs fa poc.
Estructura: have/has + been + verb + -ing.

had already left.
El tren va marxar abans que arribéssim (dues accions passades, una anterior a l'altra), per això l'acció anterior va en past perfect (had + participi) i l'altra en past simple (arrived).

When I was little, I used to play football every afternoon.
Used to + infinitiu expressa un hàbit del passat que ja no es manté. Nota: després de used to el verb va en forma base (play, no played).

a) I don't understand this exercise.
b) He owns three flats.
Understand i own són verbs d'estat (stative verbs) i normalment no s'usen en forma contínua.

A: Have you ever been to London?
B: Yes, I went there in 2022 with my class.
La pregunta sobre l'experiència de vida va en present perfect (ever), però quan precisem el moment (in 2022) passem al past simple.

arrive.
Després de conjuncions de temps com as soon as, when, before o after, no fem servir will encara que parlem del futur: usem el present simple.
I'll call you as soon as I arrive at the hotel.

What time does the next train to Barcelona leave? — It leaves at 17:45.
Els horaris i programes oficials es posen en present simple, encara que parlem del futur.

(a) 'think' és un verb d'estat que vol dir 'opinar': va en present simple.
(b) 'think about' vol dir 'considerar, rumiar', una activitat en curs: admet el continuous.
Alguns verbs d'estat (think, have, see) admeten el continuous quan canvien de significat i passen a expressar una acció.

La primera part és correcta: 'always' + present continuous expressa una queixa d'un hàbit molest ('She is always forgetting her keys').
'it is annoying me' es pot mantenir (acció temporal) o dir 'it annoys me'.
'Every day she is taking the bus' és incorrecte: una rutina amb 'every day' va en present simple: 'Every day she takes the bus at 8.'

'Have you ever eaten sushi? Yes, I tried it in Barcelona two years ago.' La pregunta sobre experiència (ever) demana present perfect (have eaten); la resposta amb 'two years ago' (moment concret) demana past simple (tried).

a) She's been working here for three years (for + durada; since + moment d'inici).
b) ...the film had already started (acció anterior a una altra del passat: past perfect).
c) If it rains tomorrow, we'll stay at home (a la subordinada condicional no es posa will).

a) have been reading / haven't finished: el continu emfatitza la durada d'una acció en curs; finish expressa un resultat i va en simple.
b) has written: es compta quantes coses s'han fet (four emails), per tant present perfect simple.

a) I have never ridden a horse before.
b) She hasn't visited her gran since June.
c) I've been learning English for five years.
Les tres frases uneixen el passat amb el present amb el present perfect.

(1) was watching: acció de fons en curs.
(2) went: acció puntual que interromp l'altra.
(3) had already finished: acció anterior al moment del relat.
(4) decided: acció puntual de la narració.

a) will have finished (future perfect: acció acabada abans d'un moment futur).
b) will be flying (future continuous: acció en curs en un moment futur concret).
c) are going to drop (predicció basada en una evidència que veiem ara).

Model: I get up at seven every day and I usually walk to school. This week I'm revising for my exams, so I'm not going out much. I've visited Italy twice and I loved it. I went to Rome in 2022 with my family. Next summer I'm going to travel around Europe by train.
Comprova que cada temps verbal apareix almenys una vegada i que 'in 2022' va amb past simple.

(1) arrived: acció puntual en el passat.
(2) had already left: el tren va marxar abans que jo arribés (past perfect).
(3) had been waiting: durada anterior a una altra acció passada (també s'accepta had waited).
(4) called: fet puntual que interromp l'espera.
(5) said: past simple.
(6) had just missed: l'autobús es va perdre abans del moment en què ella ho va dir (past perfect).

a) I've known her since we were children: know és un verb d'estat i no té forma contínua; amb since cal present perfect.
b) By next June, I will have finished my degree: by + moment futur demana future perfect.
c) ...the phone rang: acció puntual en passat que interromp una acció en curs; el present perfect no combina amb un moment passat.
d) If you see Marc, tell him...: després d'if no s'usa will.
e) This is the first time I have eaten octopus: the first time + present perfect.

a) I've lived (present perfect): hi visc encara, el període arriba fins avui. I lived (past simple): és un període tancat, ja no hi visc.
b) She's being silly (be + continu): es comporta de manera ximple ara, és un comportament temporal. She's silly: és una característica del seu caràcter, permanent.

a) last time I saw: "The last time I saw Pau was three weeks ago."
b) have been married: l'estat arriba fins avui, així que cal present perfect ("They have been married for ten years.").
c) have been rehearsing: present perfect continu per a una acció que va començar en el passat i continua ("We have been rehearsing since six o'clock."). També es dona per bo 've been rehearsing.

a) is having: have = dutxar-se és una acció, admet forma contínua.
b) has: have = tenir és un verb d'estat, no té forma contínua.
c) see: see = entendre és un verb d'estat mental, no s'usa en continu.
d) am seeing: see = visitar és una acció, i el present continu expressa un pla ja organitzat.

a) Maria had been studying for three hours when her brother turned on the TV. (També es dona per bo before en lloc de when.)
b) Joan was exhausted because he had been running for ages.
El past perfect continu presenta l'activitat llarga anterior; el past simple, el fet o l'estat posterior.

Es pot usar would només a b) i d).
Would expressa accions repetides en el passat, però no estats.
a) live i c) be shy són estats; per tant, només admeten used to.

Model de resposta:
I moved to Vic when I was twelve. Before that, I had always lived in a small village, so everything felt new. I have been studying at the same school for six years now, and I have made some very good friends. At the moment I am preparing for the university entrance exams. I used to hate waking up early, but now I am used to it. Next year I will be living in a different city, and I think I will have grown a lot by then.
Claus de correcció: (1) una frase amb have been + -ing i una amb had + participi; (2) ús coherent dels temps amb els marcadors (before that, now, by then); (3) ortografia i concordança correctes.

1. have (present perfect continu).
2. have (inversió després de only recently: have they begun).
3. carried (a study carried out, participi de passiva reduïda).
4. were (passiva: were allowed).
5. as (as a result).
6. was (by the time + past simple; the trial was over).
7. would (també s'accepten could i might; tercer condicional invertit).
8. took (it is high time + past simple, amb sentit de present).
Error típic: escriure take al buit 8; després de it's (high) time es fa servir el past simple.

1. introduction.
2. enthusiastically (adverbi, modifica el participi greeted).
3. reduction (nom després de l'article a).
4. Fortunately (adverbi al principi de la frase; no té prefix negatiu perquè el sentit és positiu).
5. unfounded (adjectiu negatiu: fears that are unfounded).
6. reliable.
7. widening (nom verbal després de a).
8. sustainability.

a) can't have taken (deducció negativa sobre el passat).
b) wishes he had studied (penediment sobre el passat: wish + past perfect; també s'accepta wishes he'd studied).
c) sooner had the film begun (inversió després de No sooner; s'accepta started en lloc de begun).
d) is said to have (passiva impersonal amb infinitiu perfecte, perquè la dimissió és anterior al que es diu).
e) apologise for not telling (verb + for + gerundi negatiu; s'accepta l'ortografia americana apologize).

La frase correcta és d): be informed és un subjuntiu formal, correcte després d'adjectius com vital (is informed també és acceptable).
a) By the time she arrives...: en clàusules temporals no s'usa will.
b) I wish I had more time to read: un desig sobre el present porta el past simple, mai would amb el mateix subjecte.
c) Scarcely had we sat down when...: scarcely al principi demana inversió amb past perfect.
e) He has known the answer all along: know és un verb d'estat.
f) If I were you, I'd accept the offer: condicional de segon tipus, sense would a la clàusula d'if.

a) If only we had booked earlier. (Penediment sobre el passat: if only + past perfect.)
b) It is rumoured that they are planning a merger.
c) It's years since I enjoyed myself so much. (També s'accepta since I last enjoyed myself so much.)
d) Only when she turned around did she realise she was being watched. (Inversió auxiliar + subjecte després de only when a l'inici.)

Model de resposta:
It is often claimed that students learn languages best by speaking rather than by studying grammar. Although practice is undoubtedly essential, I would argue that grammar deserves a much more prominent place in the classroom than this view suggests.
To begin with, grammar gives learners the tools to produce language they have never heard before. A student who has been practising only fixed phrases will struggle the moment a conversation takes an unexpected turn. By contrast, someone who understands how tenses work can express ideas precisely, whether they are describing a habit, a completed experience or a project that will have been finished by next year.
Furthermore, errors that go uncorrected tend to fossilise. Many of my classmates had been making the same mistakes for years before a teacher finally explained the rule behind them.
Nevertheless, rules alone are not enough. Learners who only memorise tables will never speak fluently. The ideal approach combines both: short, clear explanations followed by plenty of real communication.
In conclusion, I firmly believe that grammar and practice complement each other, and neglecting either would be a serious mistake.
Claus de correcció: (1) postura clara i estructura introducció-arguments-contraargument-conclusió; (2) formes verbals exigides usades correctament; (3) connectors variats i registre formal.

a) In the first sentence Maya left after I arrived (one event follows the other); in the second she had already gone before I arrived, so I did not see her.
b) Has been painting focuses on the activity, which may be unfinished and may explain, for example, the smell of paint; has painted focuses on the result: the job is done.
c) She always complains states a habit neutrally; She's always complaining adds irritation or criticism, because the continuous with always expresses annoyance at a repeated action.

1. have (present perfect, even now).
2. went (també s'accepten travelled i flew; past simple d'un verb de moviment).
3. had (past perfect, had only just turned).
4. until (not until).
5. had (past perfect).
6. had (past perfect: l'acció és anterior al final de la setmana).
7. no (no matter what).
8. having (regret not having started).

1. productivity.
2. flexibility.
3. isolation.
4. collaboration.
5. distractions (plural, perquè hi ha un buit sense article davant d'of).
6. managers (persones; management no pot anar en plural aquí).
7. beneficial (adjectiu després de prove).
8. enthusiastic (less than enthusiastic).

a) shouldn't have left (obligació no complerta en el passat).
b) came as a (come as a surprise).
c) wish you hadn't (també wish you had not, que compta com una paraula més).
d) matter how hard she (no matter how hard she trained).
e) is expected to (passiva impersonal amb infinitiu).

a) Having lost her passport, she couldn't board. (Participi perfecte per a una acció anterior amb el mateix subjecte.)
b) Should you need further help, call us. (Inversió que substitueix if; també és correcte please call us.)
c) Not only did he forget the tickets, but he also lost the map. (Inversió amb l'auxiliar did i el verb en forma base.)
d) Not until I read the report did I understand the problem. (Inversió a la clàusula principal, no a la temporal.)

Model de resposta:
Few people would deny that social media has transformed the way young people communicate. While it offers genuine benefits, I believe its drawbacks currently outweigh them.
On the positive side, platforms allow teenagers to stay in touch with friends who have moved away and to find communities that share their interests, something that would have been impossible a generation ago. Moreover, they have given many young people a voice in public debates.
On the other hand, constant connection has come at a cost. Studies suggest that teenagers who have been spending several hours a day online are more likely to feel anxious and to compare themselves unfavourably with others. In addition, face-to-face conversation, which develops empathy and patience, is gradually being replaced by short messages.
All things considered, I would argue that social media is a useful tool but a poor substitute for real contact. Unless young people learn to use it in moderation, the problems will only grow. Schools and families should therefore teach digital habits just as they teach road safety, so that, by the time today's children become adults, they will have learnt to control the technology rather than be controlled by it.
Claus de correcció: (1) equilibri entre avantatges i inconvenients amb opinió clara; (2) varietat i precisió dels temps verbals; (3) connectors (on the other hand, moreover, all things considered) i paràgrafs ben organitzats.