Exercicis de reported speech avançat — Anglès 1r Batxillerat

'She asked me where I lived.' Ordre de frase afirmativa, sense 'do', i backshift.

'He asked if (o whether) I was hungry.' Les preguntes de sí o no s'introdueixen amb 'if' o 'whether'.

'today' → 'that day'; 'tomorrow' → 'the next day' (o 'the following day'); 'here' → 'there'.

She said (that) she liked pizza.
El verb de l'estil directe (present) retrocedeix un temps: like → liked. El pronom I passa a she.

They said (that) they were playing football.
Present continu → past continu (are playing → were playing); we passa a they.

yesterday → the day before (o the previous day)
now → then (o at that time)
last week → the week before (o the previous week)

He told me he was tired. / She said that she was late.
Tell va seguit de la persona que escolta (told me); say no porta persona (said that...).

The teacher told us to open the window.
Les ordres es reporten amb tell + persona + to + infinitiu.

She told the children not to run in the corridor.
En negatiu: tell + persona + not to + infinitiu.

present simple → past simple
can → could
will → would
am going to → was going to

'He asked her why she was crying.' Es manté 'why', ordre afirmatiu, backshift are crying→was crying i 'you'→'she'.

'She asked if I could help her.' Pregunta de sí/no amb 'if'; backshift del modal can→could i 'me'→'her'.

'The teacher advised me to study more.' Estructura advise + sb + to-infinitive (advised me to study).

'They said they would finish the project the following week.' Backshift will→would i 'next week'→'the following week'.

Pau said (that) he had lost his keys.
El present perfect passa a past perfect (have lost → had lost).

She said (that) she had seen the accident the day before.
Past simple → past perfect, i yesterday → the day before.

Anna suggested going to the cinema. (o Anna suggested that we go to the cinema.)
Suggest va seguit de gerundi o d'una clàusula; no porta to + infinitiu.

I asked what time the film started.
En les preguntes indirectes l'ordre és afirmatiu (sense does) i el verb retrocedeix: starts → started.

a) She promised not to tell anyone.
b) He offered to carry my bag.
Aquests verbs porten to + infinitiu i no necessiten tornar a repetir el pronom.

a) She asked me where I had bought (o bought) the jacket. En una pregunta indirecta no hi ha inversió ni did.
b) He said that he was ill / He told me that he was ill. Tell necessita complement de persona.

Marta asked if (o whether) it was going to rain the next day.
Is going to → was going to; tomorrow → the next day (o the following day).

'She apologised for breaking my vase.' Estructura apologise for + -ing (for breaking), amb gerundi després de la preposició.

'He warned me not to touch the wire.' Estructura warn + sb + (not) to-infinitive; el negatiu es fa amb 'not to' (not to touch).

'He said he would call me the next day.' Una setmana després, 'tomorrow' ja no és vàlid; cal 'the next day / the following day'.

Quan el que s'ha dit és una veritat general (a) o continua sent cert en el moment de reportar-ho (b), el backshift és opcional.
També es pot dir: ...the Earth went round the Sun / She said she lived in Vic, però el present és més natural.

Anna asked Marc where he was going on holiday. Marc said (that) he was going to Menorca, but he hadn't booked yet.
Observa: are going → was going; have booked → had booked; you → he.

a) Joan denied taking my pen.
b) Eva admitted breaking the window.
c) Pol accused Max of lying to him.
Admit i deny van seguits de gerundi; accuse + persona + of + gerundi.

a) She said I had to (o must) see a doctor. Must passa a had to (o es manté).
b) He said I might be right. Might no canvia.
c) She said that if she had more time, she would learn Japanese. El second conditional no retrocedeix (would, could, might i should tampoc).

a) He wondered if (o whether) she would come to his party.
b) He wondered why they hadn't replied.
Wondered i wanted to know funcionen com asked, però la pregunta és més interior.

Model: My friend said that he was planning a trip. He told me he had already booked the flights. I asked him where he was going. He suggested going together next year. He advised me to save some money.
Comprova els temps verbals (backshift) i que tell porta persona (told me).

a) Marc offered to pay for the dinner. (offer + infinitiu)
b) Laia reminded me not to forget my passport. (remind + persona + infinitiu negatiu)
c) Pol urged me to see a doctor. (urge + persona + infinitiu)
d) Anna congratulated me on my promotion. (congratulate + persona + on + nom)
Cada verb de reporting porta una estructura pròpia; no sempre és that + clàusula.

a) She asked me if (o whether) I knew where the station was. (L'ordre de l'oració subordinada és afirmatiu.)
b) He asked me how long I had been living there. (present perfect continu → past perfect continu; here → there)
c) She asked me to close the window. (També s'accepta She asked me if I would mind closing the window.)

a) She asked me where I lived: no es posa that davant d'una pregunta indirecta.
b) He suggested (that) I go by train / He suggested going by train: suggest no admet persona + infinitiu.
c) She told me she was tired: tell porta complement directe de persona sense to.
d) I asked him whether he liked it: ordre afirmatiu i sense auxiliar.
e) They denied having broken the window: deny + gerundi.

a) Marta advised me to accept the offer. (També Marta said that if she were me, she would accept the offer.)
b) She told me I needn't come to the meeting. (També I didn't need to come.)
c) He said he would have called if he had known. (El third conditional no retrocedeix més.)
d) She told him he ought to apologise. (Ought to no canvia.)

a) Ana suggested (that) we (should) meet at six.
b) The teacher insisted that I (should) take the exam.
c) Pau recommended (that) I (should) ask for a refund.
Després de suggest, insist, recommend + that s'usa should + infinitiu o directament el verb en forma base (subjuntiu).

Model de resposta:
The teacher asked the student where he had been the day before.
The student explained that he had been ill and apologised for not calling.
The teacher told him to bring a note the following day.
Claus de correcció: backshift (was → had been), canvis de temps (yesterday → the day before, tomorrow → the following day) i estructures dels verbs (apologise for + gerundi, tell + persona + infinitiu).

a) Júlia said she would meet me there the next day at the café we had visited the week before. (També the following day, the previous week.)
b) Eva said she had been living in that flat since 2020. (present perfect continu → past perfect continu; this → that)
Atenció: since 2020 no canvia perquè és una data absoluta.

Model de resposta:
In an interview, the athlete said that she had started training when she was seven. She announced that she was going to retire the following year, and she insisted that she had never regretted her choice. When asked whether she would miss competing, she admitted that she would. She added that she was already planning her future career, and she thanked her coach for his support.
Claus de correcció: (1) backshift correcte (I've never regretted → she had never regretted); (2) pregunta reportada amb whether i ordre afirmatiu; (3) verbs variats (announced, insisted, admitted, added).

1. that (announced that).
2. was (backshift de is almost finished).
3. there (there were no delays).
4. had (had gone over budget).
5. that (denied that + clàusula).
6. had (had risen).
7. to (promised to keep).
8. was (també s'accepta would be, però aquí el buit és d'una sola paraula).

1. Journalists.
2. accurately.
3. exaggerations.
4. suspicious.
5. reliable.
6. editors.
7. corrections.
8. confidence.

a) promised to call (promise + infinitiu).
b) advised me to learn (advise + persona + infinitiu).
c) denied breaking (deny + gerundi).
d) apologised for being (apologise for + gerundi; també apologized).
e) reminded us to lock (remind + persona + infinitiu).

La correcta és f): és una veritat general i el backshift és opcional.
a) ...what time the shop opened: ordre afirmatiu i sense did.
b) He explained to me that... (o He told me that...): explain no pot portar persona directament.
c) ...would close at six the next day: will passa a would perquè l'anunci és passat.
d) ...whether he had forgotten: ordre afirmatiu i past perfect.
e) They insisted on paying for the meal: insist on + gerundi.

a) She begged me not to tell anyone.
b) He promised to give me the money back on Friday. (També that he would give me.)
c) The guard told the driver (that) he couldn't park there.
d) She asked me if (o whether) I had ever been to Japan.
e) Eva claimed that it was (o had been) Pablo who had broken the window.

Model de resposta:
Influencers have become some of the most powerful advertisers of our time, yet followers often cannot tell whether a recommendation is sincere. I strongly believe that the law should oblige them to declare when they are being paid.
To begin with, transparency protects consumers. A consumer association recently warned that young people trust influencers more than traditional advertisements, and it urged lawmakers to act. If viewers are not told that a post is sponsored, they may buy products they would otherwise have ignored.
Furthermore, honesty is also in the interest of influencers themselves. Several of them have admitted that they lost followers after hidden payments were revealed. Others have argued that clear labels make audiences trust them more, not less.
Opponents claim that such rules limit freedom of expression and are impossible to enforce. However, many countries already require clear labelling of paid content, which shows that fines can be effective. Experts also suggest that platforms could add an automatic warning to sponsored posts.
In conclusion, a legal duty to declare payments is a reasonable measure that respects both consumers and creators.
Claus de correcció: (1) postura clara i arguments organitzats; (2) tres o més verbs de reporting amb l'estructura correcta; (3) registre formal i connectors.

a) He said I should leave reports advice or a suggestion; He told me to leave reports an order, which is stronger.
b) She said she would call only reports a statement about the future; She promised to call reports a commitment, so she is bound to do it.
c) He asked if I could help reports a question about my ability or availability; He asked me to help reports a request: he wanted me to do something.

1. that.
2. had (past perfect: had started).
3. had (had taken).
4. what (asked what she thought).
5. that (replied that).
6. which (relatiu no definidor).
7. would (cita directa: I would never have imagined).
8. would (també s'accepta could).

1. Communication.
2. applicants.
3. clearly.
4. attentively.
5. appropriately.
6. preparation.
7. discussion (també s'accepta discussions).
8. confidence.

a) begged his mother not to.
b) admitted stealing.
c) suggested having (suggest + gerundi).
d) warned me (that) I would miss (would miss per backshift de will miss).
e) urged me to try.

a) 'Have you ever been to Japan?'
b) 'I would have called if I'd had your number.' (El third conditional es manté; canvien els pronoms.)
c) 'Don't eat anything after midnight.'
d) 'Where will we spend next summer?' (També shall we; the following summer → next summer.)

Model de resposta:
Teachers and employers frequently complain that young people can no longer hold a proper conversation. Having grown up with smartphones, I disagree with this claim, although I accept that there is some truth in it.
On the one hand, there is evidence for the criticism. A recent study found that teenagers send far more messages than they make calls, and a number of professors have reported that students rarely speak up in seminars. Some psychologists have even warned that constant texting may weaken the ability to read facial expressions.
On the other hand, young people communicate all the time; they simply do it differently. They discuss ideas in group chats, organise events online and meet friends in person just as often as previous generations did. My own classmates, for example, said they preferred talking to texting when the subject was important.
Besides, conversation skills can be taught. Schools could ask pupils to take part in debates and oral presentations, which would help them gain confidence.
In conclusion, I believe young people are not worse communicators, but they do need opportunities to practise in person.
Claus de correcció: (1) opinió clara amb contraargument; (2) ús correcte d'estil indirecte (complain that, reported that, said they preferred); (3) cohesió i connectors.